10 research outputs found

    Collective Excitations of Supersymmetric Plasma

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    Collective excitations of N = 1 supersymmetric electromagnetic plasma are studied. Since the Keldysh-Schwinger approach is used, not only equilibrium but also non-equilibrium plasma, which is assumed to be ultrarelativistic, is under consideration. The dispersion equations of photon, photino, electron and selectron modes are written down and the self-energies, which enter the equations, are computed in the Hard Loop Approximation. The self-energies are discussed in the context of effective action which is also given. The photon modes and electron ones appear to be the same as in the usual ultrarelativistic plasma of electrons, positrons and photons. The photino modes coincide with the electron ones and the selectron modes are as of free relativistic massive particle.Comment: 14 pages, typos corrected, Phys. Rev. D in prin

    Niszczenie naturalnych odcinków koryt rzecznych na skutek niewłaściwej zabudowy – przykład dolin Czadeczki i Krężelki (Beskid Śląski)

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    Channels of Czadeczka and Krężelka rivers (Beskidzie Śląski Mts) are at present subjected to regulation because of which these rivers have lost their natural character, partially still preserved. The reasons for the river regulation have been analysed. Using archival maps, the buildings erection time has been analysed on valley floors, in the immediate vicinity of river channels for the period 1790–2012. Next, the distribution of existing buildings has been compared with hydraulic structures in the channels developed in order to regulate the Czadeczka and the Krężelka reaches, such as: concrete and stone embankments reinforcing the channel banks, check dams on channel bottoms. Results indicate a strong correlation between the number of buildings on valley floors in the 20th century and channel regulation. The mechanism of destroying rare, preserved natural river reaches is based on irrational permission allowing construction of buildings in areas threatened by floods and lateral erosion of rivers. Consequently, the inhabitants, in fear of floods and erosion of land or house foundations, seek river regulation that gives them a false sense of security. Natural river reaches are destroyed though efficient protection against floods and lateral erosion is still not provided and the range of possible losses increases even more due to continued building erection

    Rapid river bed recovery after the in-channel mining : the case of Vistula River, Poland

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    The effects of in-channel wet-pit mining is nowadays widely discussed in terms of negative influence of the created pits on the river ecosystem and fluvial processes. The pits induce an alteration of natural flow or sediment transport. This paper describes the post-mining channel recovery observed in a relatively short time in a gravelly sand bed lowland river. The study was based on repeated bathymetry of the channel and grain size analyses of bed material taken from the mining area and its surrounding upstream and downstream pit. We also use calculations of possible bedload sediment movement in the studied river reach. We noticed that the excavation pit exceeded the maximum depth of 8.8 m in 2014 and, immediately after the end of mining, the bedload started to infill the pit. The bathymetric measurements in 2019 indicated that the process of pit infill was completed after five years, though the former pit is refilled with material finer than the natural bedload observed in the discussed river reach, and consists mainly of sand. The studied process of pit infilling runs continuously, even during the annual average water stages

    Collisional processes in supersymmetric plasma

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    Universality of the hard-loop action

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    The destruction of natural river reaches due to improper land development - an example of the valleys of Czadeczka and Krężelka rivers (Beskid Śląski Mts) / Niszczenie naturalnych odcinków koryt rzecznych na skutek niewłaściwej zabudowy – przykład dolin Czadeczki i Krężelki (Beskid Śląski)

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    Koryta rzek Czadeczki i Krężelki (Beskidzie Śląski) są współcześnie miejscami poddawane regulacji, przez co rzeki te tracą swój naturalny charakter, częściowo nadal zachowany. Przeanalizowano powody dla których rzeki te są regulowane. Z wykorzystaniem archiwalnych map prześledzono czas powstania budynków w dnach dolin, w bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie koryt rzecznych w latach 1790-2012. Następnie porównano miejsca zabudowane z miejscami występowania elementów regulacji koryt rzecznych takich jak: opaski betonowe wzmacniające brzegi, obudowy kamienne wzmacniające brzegi, progi w dnach koryt. Wyniki wskazują na ścisły związek pomiędzy wzrostem ilości budynków w dnach dolin w XX wieku oraz regulacją koryt. Mechanizm niszczenia nielicznych zachowanych naturalnych odcinków rzek polega na irracjonalnym wydawaniu pozwoleń na zabudowę terenów zalewowych i zagrożonych erozją boczną cieków. Następnie mieszkańcy w obawie przed powodziami i podmywaniem gruntów czy zabudowań zabiegają o regulację cieków, co daje im pozorne poczucie bezpieczeństwa. W efekcie naturalne biegi rzek są niszczone, skuteczna ochrona przeciwpowodziowa i przeciwerozyjna nadal nie jest zapewniona, a skala potencjalnych strat nawet wzrasta ze względu na rozwijającą się zabudow
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